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Dell: Dell Inc. is a multinational information technology corporation based in Round Rock, Texas, which develops, sells, and supports computers and related products and services. Bearing the name of its founder Michael Dell, the company is one of the largest technological corporations in the world. Dell has experienced both organic and inorganic growth since its conception: notable mergers and acquisitions include Alienware (2006) and Perot Systems (2009). By 2009 the company was selling personal computers, servers, data storage devices, network switches, software, and computer peripherals. Dell also sells HDTVs, cameras, printers, mp3 players, and electronic devices built by other manufacturers. The company is well known for its innovations in supply-chain management and electronic commerce.
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HP: Hewlett-Packard Co, commonly known as HP, is an American multinational information technology corporation with its headquarters in Palo Alto, California. The company was founded in 1939 in a one-car garage in Palo Alto by Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard; it is now one of the largest information technology companies in the world, operating in nearly every country. HP specializes in developing and manufacturing hardware for computing, data storage, and networking; designing software; and delivering services. Fundamental HP product lines include personal computing devices, company servers, and related storage devices, as well as a varied range of printers and other imaging products.
Hewlett and Packard graduated in electrical engineering from Stanford University in 1935. The company originated – in that garage in nearby Palo Alto – during a fellowship of the two with a former professor of theirs, Frederick Terman, at Stanford during the Great Depression. Terman is said to have mentored the men as they were preparing to set up Hewlett-Packard. When Packard and Hewlett established the company in Packard’s garage they did so with an initial capital investment of US$538. |
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Acer: Acer Inc. is a multinational computer technology and electronics corporation based in Taiwan that manufactures desktop and laptop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), servers, storage devices, computer displays, and other peripherals. Acer is a source of e-business services for commercial, government, educational, and private users.
The headquarters of the Acer Group are located in Xizhi, Taipei County.
Acer was originally founded under the name of Multitech in 1976 by Stan Shih and his wife Carolyn Yeh, with five other individuals and based in Hsinchu City, Taiwan. The company was launched with eleven employees and US$25,000 in capital. Multitech started as a distributor of electronic parts while also providing consulting services on the use of microprocessor technologies, but it evolved into a manufacturer of personal computers. The company was renamed Acer in 1987.
Acer began streamlining its activities in the early 2000s, spinning off all manufacturing, which it deemed of low value. The company has implemented a new style of business model: it has shifted from being a manufacturer to being purely a brand company, marketing and distributing its products while placing the actual process of production in the hands of contract manufacturers.
Acer also owns the largest franchised computer retail chain in Taipei, Taiwan. |
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Apple: Apple Inc. is an American multinational corporation that designs and markets consumer electronics, computer software, and personal computers.
The company was established on April 1st, 1976 in Cupertino, California, by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne, to sell the Apple I personal computer kit. Hand-built by Wozniak, the first one was shown publicly at a meeting of the Homebrew Computer Club. The Apple I was sold as a motherboard only (with a CPU, RAM, and some basic textual-video chips) – a fraction of what is held to constitute a complete personal computer today. The Apple I went on sale in July 1976.
Apple was incorporated on 3 January 1977 without Wayne, who had sold his share of the company back to Jobs and Wozniak for US$800 in 1976. Multi-millionaire Mike Markkula supplied crucial business expertise and put up funds of US$250,000 during the incorporation of Apple.
The company went by the name Apple Computer, Inc for the first 30 years of its life, but the word “Computer” was dropped on 9 January 2007 to reflect the company’s continuous expansion into the consumer electronics market aside from its traditional focus on personal computers. For reasons as varied as its philosophy of comprehensive aesthetic design and its distinctive advertising campaigns, Apple has established a unique reputation in the consumer electronics industry. This includes a customer base that is devoted to the company and its brand, particularly in the USA. |
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Toshiba: Toshiba Corp. is a Japanese multinational conglomerate based in Tokyo. The company’s main business activities lie in infrastructure, consumer products, electronic devices, and components. It is a diversified manufacturer and marketer of electrical products, covering information & communications equipment and systems, internet-based solutions and services, electronic components and materials, power systems, industrial and social infrastructure systems as well as household appliances.
Toshiba resulted from the merging of two companies in 1939.
The first one, Tanaka Seisakusho (“Tanaka Engineering Works”), was Japan’s first manufacturer of telegraph equipment and was founded by Hisashige Tanaka in 1875. In 1904 that company’s name was changed to Shibaura Seisakusho (“Shibaura Engineering Works”). During the first part of the 20th century, Shibaura Engineering Works became a major manufacturer of heavy electrical machinery as Japan modernized during the Meiji Era and became a world industrial power.
The second company, Hakunetsusha, was established in 1890 and was Japan’s first maker of incandescent light bulbs. It diversified into the manufacture of other consumer products and in 1899 was renamed Tokyo Denki (“Tokyo Electric”).
The merger of Shibaura Seisakusho and Tokyo Denki created a new company called Tokyo Shibaura Denki (“Tokyo Shibaura Electric”). It was soon nicknamed Toshiba, but only in 1978 did this become the company’s official name.
The group expanded vigorously through both internal growth and acquisitions, buying heavy-engineering and primary-industry firms in the 1940s and 1950s and then spinning off subsidiaries in the 1970s and later.
Toshiba is responsible for a number of Japanese firsts, including radar (1942), the TAC digital computer (1954), the transistor television and microwave oven (1959), a color video phone (1971), a Japanese word processor (1978), the MRI system (1982), the laptop personal computer (1986), NAND EEPROM (1991), the DVD (1995), the Libretto sub-notebook personal computer (1996), and the HD DVD (2005).
Toshiba was the world’s fifth largest personal computer vendor in 2009, after Hewlett-Packard, Dell, Acer, and Lenovo. |
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